Adolescents' and young people's experiences of social relationships and health concerns during COVID-19.

PURPOSE: To illuminate the meaning of social relationships and health concerns as experienced by adolescents and young people during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A longitudinal qualitative study was conducted. Data reported from 172 adolescents and young people aged 12-24 years in five countries; Chile, South Africa, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States collected from May 2020 to June 2021 were analysed via thematic analysis. RESULTS: Adolescents and young peoples' experiences of social relationships and health concerns were described in seven themes: Family proximity, conflicts and frustration; difficulties and challenges related to limited living space; peer relations and maintaining friendship in times of social distancing; the importance of school as a place for interaction; vulnerability, emotional distress and uncertainty about the future; health concerns and sense of caring for others; and worries and concerns related to financial hardship. These reports show that the changes to everyday life that were introduced by public responses to the pandemic generated feelings of loneliness, vulnerability, and emotional distress, as well as increased sense of togetherness with family. CONCLUSIONS: The everyday lives of adolescents and young people were restricted and affected more by the consequences of the pandemic than by the COVID-19 virus. These experiences had various impacts on well-being and mental health, where some individuals felt more exposed and vulnerable to emotional distress and loneliness than others. Family and peer relationships could be protective and support a sense of togetherness and belonging. Hence, social relationships are important to provide emotional support. Support for adolescents and young people should be tailored accordingly around social and emotional concerns, to encourage health and well-being.

My Home Quarantine on an App: A Qualitative Visual Analysis of Changes in Family Routines During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Chile.

This article presents original findings from a longitudinal qualitative study on changes in individual and family life associated with safety and health measures implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic in three regions of Chile. We developed a methodological approach based on multimodal diaries in a mobile application, in which participants submitted photographs and texts to express changes in their daily lives under residential confinement. Content and semiotic visual analyses show a significant loss in instances of collective recreation, partially compensated through new personal and productive activities performed at home. Our results suggest that modal diaries serve as potential tools to capture people's perceptions and meanings as their lives go through exceptional and traumatic times. We assert that using digital and mobile technologies in qualitative studies could allow subjects to actively participate in the co-construction of fieldwork and produce quality knowledge from their situated perspectives. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11133-023-09531-z.

Ambivalencias culturales sobre el divorcio en discursos de niños, niñas y adultos / Cultural ambivalence about divorce in children and adults' discourses / Ambivalências culturais sobre o divórcio nos discursos das crianças e dos adultos

Resumen (analítico) El artículo ilustra algunas de las ambivalencias culturales acerca del divorcio de los padres en el discurso de niños, niñas y adultos, a la luz de herramientas conceptuales proporcionadas por los estudios culturales británicos. Se desarrollaron entrevistas grupales triangulares, con personas de distintos estratos socioeconómicos de Santiago, Chile, y un análisis discursivo. En los resultados, se apreciaron discursos que establecían articulaciones más fijas y convencionales, coherentes con el modelo prototípico moderno dominante de familia, así como otros más oscilantes, que daban cuenta de rearticulaciones y de la presencia de formas culturales residuales y emergentes, además de las dominantes.

Abstract (analytical) This article illustrates some of the cultural ambivalence about parental divorce in the discourse produced by children and adults using conceptual tools provided by British cultural studies. Triangular group interviews were conducted with people from different socio-economic strata in Santiago, Chile and discourse analysis was conducted. The results evidenced discourses with more fixed and conventional articulations that are coherent with the dominant modern prototypical family model. There were also more oscillating resopnses, which showed re-articulations and the presence of residual and emerging cultural forms alongside dominant discourses.

Resumo (analítico) O artigo ilustra algumas das ambivalências culturais sobre o divórcio parental no discurso das crianças e dos adultos à luz dos instrumentos conceptuais fornecidos pelos estudos culturais britânicos. Foram realizadas entrevistas triangulares de grupo com pessoas de diferentes estratos socioeconómicos em Santiago, Chile, e foi realizada uma análise discursiva. Os resultados mostraram discursos que estabeleceram articulações mais fixas e convencionais, coerentes com o modelo prototípico moderno dominante da família, bem como outros mais oscilantes, que mostraram rearticulações e a presença de formas culturais residuais e emergentes, para além das dominantes.

Imaginaries of the Pandemic in Chile: A Conceptual-Empirical Discussion.

This article aims to reconstruct the social imaginaries of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Chile. We seek to understand how families interpret their experience confronting the pandemic by identifying four main aspects: (a) the COVID-19 pandemic, (b) working and learning, (c) health and (d) family life. Following Habermas' distinction between lifeworld and social systems, we consider these issues as constituting the social imaginary of lifeworld, different but related to the imaginaries of social systems. The qualitative empirical data was gathered through a sample of 38 families interviewed online between September 2020 and January 2021 in four Chilean cities: Iquique, Valparaíso, Santiago and Concepción. Other complementary sources of information are multimodal ethnography (digital diaries), press articles and state reports.

El problema del cuidado desde la perspectiva de los niños(as): análisis crítico del discurso sobre el cuidado entre padres e hijos(as) / The Problem of Care from Children's Perspective: A Critical Discourse Analysis on Care between Parents and Children

Resumen La moderna construcción social de la infancia, enfatiza su dependencia, fragilidad, y recepción pasiva y unilateral del cuidado adulto, invisibilizando el aporte que los niños(as) realizan al trabajo de cuidado, en los distintos escenarios cotidianos de los cuales participan. Este artículo expone los principales hallazgos de una investigación empírica basada en una perspectiva discursiva crítica, cuyo objetivo consistió en conocer los discursos que niños(as) de distintos estratos socioeconómicos de Santiago de Chile, construyen sobre las relaciones entre padres e hijos(as), centrándose en el trabajo cotidiano de cuidado, entendido como una dimensión constitutiva de dicha relación. Sus discursos dan cuenta de su agencia y competencia moral, evidenciando que las relaciones familiares de cuidado se sostienen en una red compleja y sutil de interdependencias.

Abstract Social construction of modern childhood emphasizes its dependence, fragility, and passive reception of adult care, making the contribution of children to care work in different everyday scenarios in which they participate, become invisible. This article presents the main findings of an empirical research, based on a critical discursive perspective whose objective was to know the discourses that children from different socioeconomic strata constructed on the parent-child relationships, focusing on the theme of daily care work, understood as a constitutive dimension of this relationship. Their discourses reflect their agency and moral competence, showing that family care relationships are held in a complex and subtle network of interdependencies.

Experiencias contradictorias y demandantes: la infancia y la adultez en la perspectiva de niños y niñas de Santiago de Chile / Childhood and adulthood in Chile today: A discursive study with boys and girls from Santiago / Infância e idade adulta no Chile atual: Um estudo discursivo com meninos e meninas de Santiago

En este artículo, se presentan los resultados de un estudio que exploró los discursos acerca de la infancia y la adultez de niños y niñas de distintos estratos socioeconómicos de Santiago, a partir de entrevistas abiertas realizadas a grupos mixtos y de un sólo sexo (niñas y niños varones). Se da cuenta, en este marco, de discursos que, para hablar de infancia y adultez, construyen oposiciones: juego versus trabajo, libertad versus sometimiento, inocencia versus conciencia e infancias ricas versus infancias pobres. Además, se identifican algunas diferencias de clase social y de género y se analiza cómo se expresan, en los complejos discursos de los niños y las niñas, contradicciones y ambivalencias culturales respecto a la infancia y adultez, en el marco de un contexto de neoliberalización creciente.

In this article, the results of a study exploring the discourses on childhood and adulthood of boys and girls from different socioeconomic strata of Santiago are discussed, achieved through open group interviews carried out in mixed gender and single sex settings. Within this framework, children tended to construct discursive antonyms to represent their notions of childhood and adulthood, such as play vs. work, freedom vs. compliance, innocence vs. conscience and poor vs. wealthy childhoods. In addition, class and gender differences are also analyzed, as well as complex and contradictory conceptions of childhood and adulthood present in these discourses, which express cultural ambivalence within a context of increasing neo–liberalization.

Neste artigo, apresentam–se os resultados de um estudo que explorou os discursos a respeito da infância e da fase adulta de meninos e meninas de diferentes setores socioeconômicos de Santiago, a partir de entrevistas grupais abertas realizadas em contextos mistos (meninos e meninas) e em grupos separados por gênero. Neste marco, pode–se perceber por meio dos discursos que, para falar da infância e da idade adulta, são construídas oposições como: jogo versus trabalho, liberdade versus submissão, inocência versus consciência e crianças ricas versus crianças pobres. Além disso, identificam–se algumas diferenças de classe social e de gênero. Também são analisados, nos complexos discursos das crianças, como se expressam as contradições e ambivalências culturais com relação à infância e à fase adulta, dentro de um contexto de crescente neo–liberalização